Sources – Site Under Construction

In the meantime, please reach out to Rebekah Ryan Clark at [email protected] with any questions.

Chapter 4:

Pages 64-65

• “Education and agitation are our best weapons of warfare.” – Sarah M. Kimball, “Greeting,” Woman’s Exponent 18, no. 18 (Feb. 15, 1890): 139.
• “Wherever and whatever any class of women suffer…a voice in their behalf should be heard in our conventions…” – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, “Change is the Law of Progress,” Feb. 12, 1890, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers: Speeches and Writings, 1848-1902, Library of Congress.
• At its first annual convention… “Utah W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent, January 15, 1890, p. 5.
• NWSA and AWSA merged… Susan B. Anthony and Ida Husted Harper, eds., The History of Woman Suffrage: 1883-1900, v. 4, Rochester, New York: 1902, 942.
• Sarah M. Kimball…”Washington Convention,” Woman’s Exponent, March 1, 1890, p. 4.
• Wyoming was granted statehood…”Woman Suffrage in Wyoming,” Deseret Evening News, July 23, 1890, p. 2.
• Church President Wilford Woodruff… President Woodruff’s Manifesto: Proceedings at the semi-annual general conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, October 6, 1890, LDS Church History Library.

Pages 66-67

• “[Emmeline B. Wells’] advocacy of wronged women and the equality of the sex has been particularly fearless.” – “Convention Chit-Chat,” Washington Post, Feb. 23, 1891, 1.
• Claim the birthright of the free–Equal rights and liberty.” – Emily Woodmansee, “Equal Rights,” in Utah Woman Suffrage Songbook, Salt Lake City: 1890, 4, CHL.
• “Greetings, dear friends: that our citizens’ right to vote may soon be secured is the prayer of your co-worker.” – Susan B. Anthony telegram to Sarah M. Kimball, in “Anniversary Celebration of Susan B. Anthony’s Birthday,” Woman’s Exponent 20, no. 16 (Mar. 1, 1892): 125. 
• Utah sent ten delegates…National American Woman Suffrage Association Twenty-Third Annual Convention, Ann Lewis Women’s Suffrage Collection.
• The Liberal and People’s parties…”To the People of Utah,” Utah State University Special Collections
• Two Latter-day Saint women’s organizations…”A Glimpse of Washington: The Woman’s National Convention,” Woman’s Exponent, March 1, 1891, p. 4. 
• The UWSA published the Suffrage Songbook…Utah Woman Suffrage Song Book, 1891, LDS Church History Library.
• The UWSA and several members of the legislature… “Anniversary Celebration of Susan B. Anthony’s Birthday,” Woman’s Exponent 20, no. 16 (Mar. 1, 1892): 125. 
• A large suffrage rally…”A Grand Woman Suffrage Rally,” Woman’s Exponent, August 15, 1892, p. 4. ”Woman Suffrage Rally,” Deseret Evening News, July 30, 1891, p. 2.
• U.S. President Benjamin Harrison… “Amnesty,” Deseret Evening News, January 5, 1893, p. 1.

Pages 68-69

• “With all that wealth and civilization can give…” – Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon, in “Utah Women in Chicago,” Woman’s Exponent 21, no. 24 (June 15, 1893): 179.
• “Equal suffrage is rapidly gaining ground and the right will prevail.” – Emily S. Richards and Electa Bullock telegram, in “Utah W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent 22, no. 7 (Oct. 15, 1893): 50.
• “We who have accepted the new gospel of qual rights must labor with untiring zeal for the redemption of the masses.” – Alvira Lucy Cox, “Equal Suffrage,” Woman’s Exponent 22, no. 7 (Oct. 15, 1893): 50.
• A large delegation… Tiffany Greene, “Utah Women in the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair,” Utah Women’s History.
• Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon delivered a speech… “Woman’s Great Forum,” Chicago Record, May 15, 1893, 1.
• Emmeline B. Wells was elected president…”Woman Suffrage Association,” Salt Lake Tribune, October 6, 1893, p. 7.
• After a campaign led by Carrie Chapman Catt… “News of Our Neighbors,” Salt Lake Tribune, November 11, 1893, p. 7.

Pages 70-71

• “Now in the formative period of your constitution…” – “Susan B. Anthony’s Letter,” Woman’s Exponent 23, no. 3-4 (Aug. 1, and Aug. 15, 1894): 169.
• “The Democrats of Utah are unequivocally in favor of woman suffrage..” – “Rawlins and Victory,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Sept. 16, 1894, 6.
• As president of the UWSA… “Equal Suffrage,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, February 4, 1894, p. 8.
• Congress passed the Enabling Act…”Coming Statehood,” Salt Lake Tribune, July 18, 1894, p. 4.
• Susan B. Anthony wrote to Utah women…“Susan B. Anthony’s Letter,” Woman’s Exponent 23, no. 3-4 (Aug. 1, and Aug. 15, 1894): 169.
• The women of the Beaver County Woman Suffrage Association…Beaver County Woman Suffrage Association papers, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University.
• At the Republican territorial convention…”The Platform,” Salt Lake Tribune, September 12, 1894, p. 1.
• Democratic Party delegates… “Rawlins and Victory,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Sept. 16, 1894, 6.

Pages 72-73

• “Suffrage women in the several counties used their utmost influence and best powers of persuasion to diffuse the ideas of equal rights.” – Emmeline B. Wells, Diary, February 2, 1895, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah [hereafter BYU], 62. 
• “Our Great Creator has endowed women with the same attributes and power of mind possessed by man, hence, her right to equal privileges and opportunities under the laws and in the governments of the nation of which she is a member.” – Utah State Archives and Records Service, Statehood Constitutional Convention (1895) Records, Series 3212, Mar. 14, 1895. 
• Delegates for the constitutional convention…”The Great Battle is Over,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, November 7, 1894, p. 3.
• Speaking at the Salt Lake County Woman Suffrage Association… “S.L. Co. Convention,” Woman’s Exponent 23, no. 11 (Dec. 1, 1894): 211.
• Emmeline B. Wells… “Mrs. Wells Speaks,” Salt Lake Herald, February 3, 1895, p. 1.
• By February 1895…”Utah Counties,” Utah Women’s History.
• Utah’s constitutional convention opened… “The Convention,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, March 5, 1895, p. 8.
• The convention first discussed women’s suffrage… “Among the Committees,” Salt Lake Tribune, March 12, 1895, p. 3.

Pages 74-75

• “The women of Utah are by no means indifferent spectators of the drama that is now being enacted.” – Utah State Archives and Records Service, Statehood Constitutional Convention (1895) Records, Series 3212, Mar. 18, 1895.
• “The adoption of woman suffrage is dangerous to the acquiring of statehood.” – Utah State Archives and Records Service, Statehood Constitutional Convention (1895) Records, Series 3212, Mar. 28, 1895.
• On March 18, almost one hundred women…“Woman Suffragists,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, March 19, 1895, p. 3.
• That same day, the Salt Lake City Woman Suffrage Association…”Suffragists Out in Force,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, March 19, 1895, p. 1.
• The next morning… “Will He Apologize,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, March 20, 1895, p. 3.
• Beginning on March 28…Utah State Archives and Records Service, Statehood Constitutional Convention (1895) Records, Series 3212, Mar. 28, 1895.
• At the general Relief Society conference…“Relief Society Conference,” Woman’s Exponent 23, no. 19 (May 1, 1895): 262.
• During the women’s meeting… George Q. Cannon diary, Apr. 4, 1895, CHL.

Pages 76-77

• “God never did design…” – Joseph F. Smith, in “Relief Society Conference,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 6 (Aug. 15, 1895): 45.
• “[I] could as well go to the polls to vote…” – Paulina Lyman, in “Woman Suffrage Column,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 3 (July 1, 1895): 24. 
• Ruth May Fox sidebar – Ruth May Fox, “Lecture on Suffrage,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 6 (Aug. 15, 1895), 41-42. 
• Joseph F. Smith spoke… “Relief Society Conference,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 6 (Aug. 15, 1895): 45.
• Divisions reemerged among Utah women… Charlotte Ives Kirby, ”A Woman’s Answer,” Salt Lake Tribune, April 4, 1895, p. 7.
• Women opposed to including equal suffrage… “The Ladies’ Resolutions,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, April 6, 1895, p. 4.
• Petitions circulated…”Settled It,” Salt Lake Tribune, April 19, 1895, p. 1.
• On April 5, the convention delegates… Ruth May Fox, Diary, April 5, 1895, CHL.

Pages 78-79

• “I believe in a future for woman…”; “They tell us that woman suffrage…”; “It is woman’s destiny…”; “So I say that if the price of statehood…”; “Equal Suffrage will prove the brightest…”; “I have never known a woman…” – Orson F. Whitney and Franklin S. Richards, in Utah State Archives and Records Service, Statehood Constitutional Convention (1895) Records, Series 3212, Mar. 28, Mar. 30, and Apr. 5, 1895. 
• “The rights of citizens of the state of Utah to vote and hold office…” – Utah State Constitution, Article IV, J. Willard Marriott Digital Library.
• “It seems almost too good to be true that we have equal suffrage.” – Emmeline B. Wells, Diary, v. 19, Nov. 7, 1895, 340, BYU. 
• “Hurrah for Utah, No. 3. State…” – Susan B. Anthony, in “Equal Suffrage in the Constitution.” Woman’s Exponent 23, no. 19 (May 1, 1895): 260. 
• “We all felt it a great day in the history of Utah.” – Ruth May Fox, Diary, Mar. 18, 1895, CHL.
• On April 18, the constitutional convention… “Victory was Bloodless,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, April 19, 1895, p. 1.

Pages 80-81

• “I was always advocating woman’s rights…” – Mary Isabella Horne in “Conference N.A.W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 11-12 (Nov. 1 and 15, 1895): 77.
• “Those two states…” – Susan B. Anthony in “Conference N.A.W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 11-12 (Nov. 1 and 15, 1895): 79.
• “The work of the world…” – Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, in “Conference N.A.W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 7-8 (Sept. 1 and 15, 1895): 55.
• “Years ago I would not have dared…” – Sarah M. Kimball, in “Conference N.A.W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 9 (Oct. 1, 1895): 61.
• “When the last barrier to woman is removed…” – Lucy A. Clark, in “Conference N.A.W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 20-21 (Apr. 1, 1896): 53.
• The NAWSA Rocky Mountain Suffrage Convention… “The Rocky Mountain Suffrage Convention,” Utah Women Making History.

Pages 82-83

• “There is a large majority for statehood…” – “The New State,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 11-12 (Nov. 1 and 15, 1895): 76.
• Approximately one third… “It was Democracy’s Day,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, July 14, 1895, p. 1. 
• Many women in Salt Lake registered… “Examiner Has Opened Up,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, August 8, 1895, p. 1.
• It was not clear whether women… ”Sarah E. Anderson,” Utah Women Making History.
• The Colored Woman’s Republican Club… “Rally of Colored Women,” Salt Lake Tribune, August 23, 1895, p. 3.
• The Republican convention… “The Republican Ticket,” Salt Lake Tribune, September 5, 1895.
• UWSA members voted… “Utah W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 10 (Oct. 15, 1895): 66.
• In the election… “The Vote on the Constitution,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, December 5, 1895, p. 4; “Utah’s Constitution,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, December 7, 1895, p. 8; This last one has returns by county: “Counting Ballots,” Deseret Weekly, December 14, 1895, p. 30.  *Correction: the final vote tally was 31,305 for the constitution, 7,687 against, and 2,670 no vote.
• Utah women sent… “Elizabeth Cady Stanton,” Woman’s Exponent, November 1, 1895, p. 4.

Chapter 5:

Pages 86-87

• “Women have a chance in the Utah constitution…” – Emily S. Richards, in “Woman Suffrage in Utah,” Deseret Weekly, Feb. 15, 1896, 2. 
• “If one of you men dare to refuse…” – Emmeline B. Wells, in “Where Women Vote In Utah,” Political Equality Series, v. 4, no. 6, New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, Sept. 1899, CHL. 
• On January 4… “Utah A State,” Deseret Evening News, January 4, 1896, p. 1.
• Women across Utah celebrated… The Logan Journal, January 11, 1896; The Logan Journal, January 16, 1896.
• At the NAWSA convention… Susan B. Anthony, “Twenty-Eighth Annual Convention of the N.A.W.S.A.,” Woman’s Exponent 24, no. 14 (Dec. 15, 1895): 95.
• Emily S. Richards, Susan B. Anthony… Hearing of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., January 28, 1896, p. 14-15, Library of Congress.
• Emmeline B. Wells… Emmeline B. Wells diary, February 5, 1895, Brigham Young University Harold B. Lee Library; Laws of Utah, “Age of Consent,” February 13, 1896. 
• On June 6, Dr. Ellen Ferguson… Salt Lake Tribune, June 7, 1896; Salt Lake Tribune, July 9, 1896.
• Suffragist Kate S. Hilliard… Salt Lake Herald-Republican, June 28, 1896; Ogden Daily Standard, September 15, 1896.
• A nonpartisan women’s club… “Non-Partisan Silver Women,” Salt Lake Tribune, Oct. 13, 1896, 8.

Pages 88-89

• “You give me a woman who thinks about something besides cook stoves…” – Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon, “Our Woman Senator,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Nov. 11, 1896, 5.
• “And now Idaho completes…” “Fifty years ago women voted nowhere..” – Clara B. Colby and Ida Husted Harper at the 1897 NAWSA convention, in Susan B. Anthony and Ida Husted Harper, eds., The History of Woman Suffrage: 1883-1900, v. 4 (Rochester, New York: 1902) 282, 290, 593.
• Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon sidebar – Rebekah R. Clark, “Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon, First Female State Senator,” Utah Women’s History; Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon, “A Woman’s Assembly,” Woman’s Exponent 22, no. 15 (Apr. 1, 1894): 114.
• After the Republican-leaning… Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Oct. 31, 1896, p. 4.
• In an at-large election…”A Legislative Landslide,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, November 4, 1896, p. 10; “Our Woman Senator,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, November 11, 1896, p. 5.
• Democrats Eurithe LaBarthe and Sarah E. Anderson… “A Legislative Landslide,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, November 4, 1896, p. 10.
• Eleven other women…”Utah Women in County Office, 1896 – 1920,” Utah Women Making HIstory.
• Idaho became the fourth state… History of Woman Suffrage, vol 4.

Pages 90-91

• “[Utah is] a complete vindication of the efforts of equal suffragists…” – Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon, “Woman Suffrage in Utah,” Hearing on House Joint Resolution 68, Feb. 15, 1898, 12, CHL. 
• “A life consumed by following…” – Alice Merrill Horne, “Home and Ideals,” Woman’s Exponent 29, no. 18-19 (Feb. 15 and Mar. 1, 1901): 81.
• “Every person, black or white, has the right to affiliate with any political party.” – “Echoes of the Election,” The Broad Ax, Nov. 12, 1898, 1.
• With Utah suffrage secure… Woman’s Exponent, January 15 and February 1, 1897.
• At a NAWSA convention… Woman’s Exponent, January 15 and February 1, 1897; Woman’s Journal, February 6, 1897.
• State Senator Martha Hughes Cannon…
• Utah’s small population of black men and women… “Echoes of the Election,” The Broad Ax, Nov. 12, 1898, 1.
• On November 8, Democrat Alice Merrill Horne… Harriet Horne Arrington, Utah Historical Quarterly 58, no. 3 (Summer 1990), 261-76; “In Memoriam: Alice Merrill Horne,” Relief Society Magazine, December 1948.

Pages 92-93

• “I…shall stand for the recognition of Mormon women…” – May Wright Sewall, letter to Susa Young Gates, January 10, 1899, Susa Young Gates Papers, General Correspondence, National Council of Women, CHL, 30.
• Hannah Kaaepa and nine other Utah representatives… Salt Lake City Herald, February 26, 1899; New York Tribune February 15, 1899; Amanda Hendrix-Komoto, “Hannah Kaapea, Advocate of Hawaiian Women’s Rights,” Utah Women’s History.
• Controversy arose…Emmeline B. Wells, Diary, v. 24, February 11, 1899, 78, BYU; Carol Cornwall Madsen, “The Power of Combination: Emmeline B. Wells and the National and International Councils of Women,” BYU Studies 33, no. 4 (1993), 655.
• As a medical doctor… Voting record for Senate Bill 40 page 17, Utah State Archives.
• Even before declaring her candidacy… HB124, Utah State Archives; Heber M. Wells, quoted in Harriet Horne Arrington, “Alice Merrill Horne, Art Promoter and Early Utah Legislator,” Utah Historical Quarterly 58, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 272. 
• As the only two women… Voting record for SB 40, 1899, Utah State Archives; Alice Merrill Horne autobiography in possession of family.

Pages 94-95

• “No greater evidence of the illimitable scope…” 
• “Delegates to Go to London,” Salt Lake Herald Republican June 7, 1899, p. 7.
• “My pleasure in the rich brocaded silk is quadrupled because it was made by women politically equal to men.” – Susan B. Anthony, quoted in Kathleen Barry, Susan B. Anthony: A Biography of a Singular Feminist (New York: New York University Press, 1988), 342.
• “We resent the intimation that in spite of equal suffrage…” – Ladies Democratic Club of Provo, “Provo Ladies Protest,” Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 25, 1900, p. 8.
• Carrie Chapman Catt sidebar – “Carrie Chapman Catt,” National Women’s History Museum.
• Susa Young Gates and Emmeline B. Wells… “Delegates to Go to London,” Salt Lake Herald Republican June 7, 1899, p. 7.
• Carrie Chapman Catt visited Utah… Salt Lake Tribune, October 30, 1899.
• Suffragists celebrated Susan B. Anthony’s eightieth birthday…Ida Husted Harper to Susa Young Gates, January 29, 1900, Susa Young Gates Papers, circa 1870-1933, LDS Church History Library.
• Elizabeth Cohen of Salt Lake City… Deseret Evening News, July 7, 1900; Salt Lake Herald-Republican, July 6, 1900; Salt Lake Herald-Republican, May 11, 1900; Salt Lake Herald-Republican, June 21, 1900.
• The Ladies’ Democratic Club of Provo… “Provo Ladies Protest,” Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 25, 1900, p. 8.

Pages 96-97

• Emma J. McVicker sidebar – Naomi Watkins, “Emma McVicker, Utah’s First Female Superintendent of Schools,” Utah Women’s History.
• Lucretia Boynton organized… “The Great Convention,” Logan Nation, September 8, 1900, p. 1.
• Emma J. McVicker became the first woman… Deseret News, October 23, 1900.
• President Lorenzo Snow, Joseph F. Smith… Blessing upon Emmeline B. Wells, November 9, 1900, Emmeline B. Wells collection, Vault MSS 805, box 1, folder 5, BYU.
• The UCW donated items… Woman’s Exponent, December 15, 1900; Woman’s Exponent, January 1, 1901.
• Emmeline B. Wells attended… “Utahns at Woman’s Convention” Salt Lake Telegram, February 13, 1902, p. 6; “Utah Ladies to Speak,” Salt Lake Tribune, February 12, 1902, p. 1.

Pages 98-99

• “The Women of Utah who enjoy the boon of suffrage…” – “Utah Suffrage Council,” Deseret Evening News, April 6, 1904, p. 4.
• “I believe that the colored women should stand together more than any other class of civilized women in the world.” Elizabeth Taylor, “Addresses Her Colored Sisters,” Deseret Evening News, July 6, 1904, 5.
• Black women’s advocates sidebar – “National Association of Colored Women,” Crusade for the Vote, National Women’s History Museum.
• Utah state representative Mary G. Coulter… “Only Woman in the Legislature Made Chairman of Important Committee,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Jan. 14, 1903, 8.
• Corrinne Alline, Alice Merrill Horne, Lydia Alder… Madsen, Advocate for Women, 465.
• Delegates from seven western states…”Colored Women Hold Convention,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, July 6, 1904, p. 5. “Western Colored Women,” Deseret Evening News, June 15, 1904; Salt Lake Tribune, July 3, 1904.
• The Western Federation of Colored Women… “Western Federation of Colored Women’s Benefit,” Ogden Daily Standard, March 24, 1905, p. 7.

Pages 100-101

• “We women of Utah ride to the polls just as harmlessly as we ride to church.” – Lucy A. Clark, in “Mrs. Lucy Clark Talks to Women of Chicago,” Inter-Mountain Republican, June 18, 1908, 7.
• “Mrs. Elizabeth Hayward of Salt Lake City…” – “Bits of Information,” Salt Lake Telegram, Sept. 23, 1908, p. 10.
• Upon the death of Susan B. Anthony… “Honor Life of Miss Anthony,” Deseret Evening News, March 17, 1906, p. 1.
• Utah suffragist Rose Sullivan… “Utah Woman Pleads for Women Suffragists,” Salt Lake Tribune, March 4, 1908, p. 1. 
• Lucy A. Clark, an “ardent woman suffragist,”… “First Woman to Be Seated in Convention,” Ogden Daily Standard, June 16, 1908, 1. 
• Elizabeth Hayward was elected as a Utah delegate… “Bits of Information,” Salt Lake Telegram, Sept. 23, 1908, p. 10.

Pages 102-103

• “Utah has always stood so nobly by us…” – Carrie Chapman Catt, in “Utah Dolls [Featured] At Suffrage Bazar,” Deseret Evening News, Dec. 23, 1909, 16.
• “This victory, so gratifying to the women of Washington…” Dr. Cora Smith King in Ida Husted Harper, ed., The History of Woman Suffrage: 1900-1920, v. 6 (New York City: NAWSA, 1922), 673.
• The NAWSA fundraising bazaar… “Utah Doll Feature at Suffrage Bazaar,” Deseret Evening News, December 23, 1909, p. 16.
• The National American Woman Suffrage Association sold suffrage stamps… “Prest. Taft First to Byu Suffrage Stamp,” Deseret Evening News, April 13, 1909, p. 1.
• The UCW collected 40,000 names… “Council of Women Has Busy Meeting,” Salt Lake Tribune, September 2, 1909, p. 12; “Suffragists at Capitol,” New York Daily Tribune, April 19, 1910, p. 7; “Suffragists Argue Before Committee,” Washington Times, April 19, 1910, p. 2; “Suffragists Invade Capitol,” Deseret Evening News,  April 19, 1910, p. 8; History of Woman Suffrage, v. 6, 645..
• Emmeline B. Wells was appointed… Carol Cornwall Madsen, An Advocate for Women: The Public Life of Emmeline B. Wells, 1870-1920, Provo, Utah: BYU Studies/Brigham Young University Press, 2006.
• On November 8, Washington state’s… Washington State Historical Society, “Suffrage.” 

Chapter 6:

Pages 106-107

• Susa Young Gates sidebar – Susa Y. Gates, “Suffrage Won By the Mothers of the United States,” Relief Society Magazine, May 1920; Susa Young Gates, “Utah,” in History of Woman Suffrage, Vol. 6, edited by Ida Husted Harper (New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1922), 644-650. 
• The National Council of Women Voters… “National Council of Women Voters,” Washington State Historical Society. 
• The UCW formed a women’s Legislative Council… Susa Young Gates, ”Utah,” in History of Woman Suffrage, Vol. 6, edited Ida Husted Harper (New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1922), 646.
• California became the sixth state… UC Berkeley Library, “105 Years of Women’s Suffrage in California,” November 8, 2016.
• On November 7, Tamar Hamblin… Kylie Nelson Turley, “Kanab Town Council, the Petticoat Government,” Utah Women’s History.
• Annie Wells Cannon… Susa Young Gates, Utah Women in Politics, 1914, LDS Church History Library; Edyth Ellerbeck Read was also elected to the state legislature, but passed away before being sworn in.
• Both Arizona and Kansas… “Women Blame Moosers for Two Defeats,” San Francisco Call, November 8, 1912, p. 4; Kimberly Jensen, “Neither Head Nor Tail to the Campaign”: Esther Pohl Lovejoy and the Oregon Woman Suffrage Victory of 1912,” Oregon Historical Quarterly 108:3 (Fall 2007): 350-383.
• Utah suffragists were “among the most active” participants… “Women Declare Independence Near Liberty Bell,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Nov. 22, 1912, 1.
• Margaret Zane Witcher (Cherdron)… “Mrs. Witcher Tells of Trip,” Salt Lake Tribune, February 4, 1913, p. 14; “Republicans of Utah Name State Ticket,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, September 6, 1912, p. 1.

Pages 108-109

• “Senator Sutherland declared the most convincing argument for woman suffrage was the lack of any persuasive argument against it.” “Bristow Says Toll Repeal in Interest of Overland Roads,” Omaha Daily Bee, Feb. 19, 1914, p. 1.
• NAWSA Woman Suffrage Procession sidebar – “Marching for the Vote: Remembering the Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913,” Library of Congress research guide.
• Suffragists representing the enfranchised states… “Traveling for Suffrage, Part 2: General Jones and Her Army of Suffrage Pilgrims,” National Museum of American History, March 12, 2014.
• At least 8,000 NAWSA suffragists marched… “Mrs. Groshell Leads Big Parade,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, March 10, 1913, p. 3.
• Edna Groshell… “Utahns Will Witness Ceremonies,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, March 4, 1913, p. 1; “Mrs. Groshell Leads Big Parade,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, March 10, 1913, p. 3.
• Women gained the right to vote in Alaska Territory… “Every Senator Votes for Woman Equality,” The Daily Alaskan, March 22, 1913, p. 1.
• A procession of hundreds of NAWSA suffragists… “Suffragists at Capitol,” Ogden Daily Standard, July 31, 1913, p. 1.
• Eighty-six-year-old Emmeline B. Wells… Woman’s Exponent, February 1, 1914.
• Utah Senator George Sutherland… “Woman Suffrage, speech of Hon. George Sutherland of Utah in the Senate of the United States, February 18, 1914,” LDS Church History Library.

Pages 110-111

• “I am not a Senator of Utah alone…” – Senator Reed Smoot – “Suffragettes are Ready for Convention,” Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 19, 1915, 12. 
• “On the committee, as you see…” – Alice Paul to Miss Lancaster, August 23, 1915, Alice Paul Papers, Series II, Suffrage, Congressional Union, General Correspondence, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
• “We are all Americans…” – Mabel Vernon, in “Women of Utah Pledge Support,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Aug. 21, 1915, 12.
• Alice Paul sidebar – “Alice Paul,” National Women’s History Museum.
• After months of rising tensions… History of the National Woman’s Party; Mabel Vernon, “Working in the Interest of Suffrage Amendment,” Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 15, 1915, 44.
• Elizabeth A. Hayward and Lily C. Wolstenholme were elected… “Legislature of the State is Safely Republican,” Ogden Daily Standard, November 5, 1914, p. 3.
• Suffrage momentum continued…“Two States for Suffrage,” Carbon County News, November 5, 1914, p. 1.
• CU leaders arrived in Salt Lake City… Salt Lake Tribune, August 19, 1915; “Parade Streets to Advance Suffrage Cause,” Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 20, 1915, 2..
• A large Utah suffrage convention… Salt Lake Tribune, August 19, 1915; Salt Lake Herald-Republican, August 20, 1915; Salt Lake Herald-Republican, August 21, 1915; “Suffrage Mass Meeting Called,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Aug. 12, 1915, 12. 
• CU leader Alice Paul arrived in Salt Lake City… Alice Paul to Miss Lancaster, August 23, 1915. 
• The CU held a convention of voting women… Salt Lake Herald-Republican, August 21, 1915; “Suffragists Convene in San Francisco; 3000 Attend,” Salt Lake Telegram, Sept. 14, 1915, 2; “Convention at San Francisco Goes on Record,” Salt Lake Tribune, Sept. 17, 1915, 3.

Pages 112-113

• The CU suffrage envoy arrived in Salt Lake City… “Women Voter’s Delegates Will Meet Monday at Capitol, Salt Lake Telegram, October 3, 1915, p. 21.
• The CU suffrage envoy arrived in Washington, D.C…. Salt Lake Tribune, December 8, 1915; Salt Lake Tribune, December 22, 1915.
• Senator George Sutherland… “Monster Suffrage Petition Presented,” Evening Star [Washington, DC], December 6, 1915, 1; Salt Lake Herald-Republican, December 7, 1915.
• The CU held its first national convention… Salt Lake Tribune, December 5, 1915.
• Twenty-three CU leaders… Salt Lake Tribune, May 2, 1916; Salt Lake Telegram, May 12, 1916.
• Utah suffragist Alice Reynolds… “Suffrage Envoys Close Salt Lake Conference,” Salt Lake Telegram, May 12, 1916, p. 2. 

Pages 114-115

• A Utah branch… “Organization of Women Perfected,” Salt Lake Tribune, May 23, 1916 p. 14; “Perfect Organization in the City,” Logan Republican, May 30, 1915, p. 4; Ogden Standard, May 24, 1916.
• The CU held a convention… “Historical Overview of the National Woman’s Party,” Library of Congress.
• Annie Wells Cannon… “Women Launch Party to Promote Suffrage,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, June 6, 1916, p. 7; “Women’s Party Names Delegates,” Salt Lake Telegram, July 28, 1916 p. 16; “Woman’s Party Active,” Salt Lake Tribune, September 23, 1916, p. 8.
• NAWSA President Carrie Chapman Catt… “Mrs. Catt’s Address,” The Evening Star, September 7, 1916, p. 2.
• So anemic that she could barely stand… Inez Milholland Boissevain, in “Make a Choice, Women Plead,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Oct. 18, 1916, 6. Also see “Woman’s Party Leaders at Luncheon and Rally in the Orpheum,” Ogden Daily Standard, October 17, 1916, p. 7.
• Zitkala-Sa, a leading advocate… “Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird/ Gertrude Simmons Bonnin),” National Park Service.
• On November 7… “Personnel of Next Legislature,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, November 9, 1916, p. 14. 
• Zitkala-Sa sidebar – Barbara Jones Brown, “Zitkala-Sa, The Red Bird Activist,” Utah Women’s History. 

Pages 116-117

• Silent Sentinels sidebar – Rebekah Clark, “The Silent Sentinels, Lovern Robertson and Minnie Quay,” Utah Women’s History.
• The NWP began an unprecedented… “Historical Timeline of the National Woman’s Party,” Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman’s Party, Library of Congress.
• The United States entered World War I… Miriam B. Murphy, “Some 80 Utah Nurses Served in World War I,” Utah History Blazer, September 1995.
• Maud Fitch of Eureka, Utah… Miriam B. Murphy, “World War One Heroine Maud Fitch Lived in Eureka, Utah,” Utah History Blazer, 1995.
• Utah suffragist Lily C. Wolstenholme… “Salt Lake Woman Seeks Election to State Senate” Salt Lake Telegram, August 29, 1920, p. 3.
• Emily S. Richards, as President of the UCW… “Emily Sophia Tanner Richards,” Relief Society Magazine 26, no. 10 (October 1929): 525.
• New York became the first eastern state…”New York Gives Ballot to Women,” New York Tribune, November 7, 1917, p. 1.

Pages 118-119

• “I am ready to do anything within my power…” – Minnie Quay, in “1000 Pickets Will Heckle Wilson,” Salt Lake Telegram, Dec. 20, 1917, 2.
• “I do not expect to escape arrest.” – Lovern Robertson, in “Salt Lake Woman to Picket White House,” Salt Lake Tribune, Nov. 1, 1917, 9.
•  “We have made partners of the women in this war…” – President Woodrow Wilson, Address to the Senate on the Nineteenth Amendment, Sept. 30, 1918, The American Presidency Project, Univ. of California Santa Barbara.
• Salt Lake City suffragists Minnie Quay and Lovern Robertson joined… Rebekah Clark, “The Silent Sentinels, Lovern Robertson and Minnie Quay,” Utah Women’s History.
• UCW president Emily S. Richards… “Say Mrs. Quay is not a Democrat,” Salt Lake Tribune, October 31, 1917, p. 8.
• Quay, Robertson, and the other protestors… Rebekah Clark, “The Silent Sentinels, Lovern Robertson and Minnie Quay,” Utah Women’s History.
• In a dramatic reversal… “Woodrow Wilson and the Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reflection,” Wilson Center. 
• On November 5… “Next House Will be Republican,” Ogden Standard, November 6, 1918, p. 10.
• Elizabeth Hayward was elected to the Utah Senate… “Personnel of 1919 Legislature,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, November 7, 1918, p. 7.
• Reverend George W. Harts… Ronald G. Coleman, “African Americans in Utah,” Utah History Encyclopedia.
• NAWSA held its Golden Jubilee Convention… “Voters’ League is Adopted by Suffrage Body,” New-York Tribune, March 27, 1919, 13; “Suffragists Honor B. Y. U. Instructor,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, March 19, p. 6; Rebekah R. Clark, “Alice Louise Reynolds, Advocate for Women’s Opportunities,” Utah Women’s History.

Pages 120-121

• “I appear in the advocacy of a great cause, with the time ripe…” – James R. Mann, in Congressional Record, Proceedings and Debates vol. 53 part 1, House of Representatives, 66th Cong., 1st sess., May 21, 1919 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1919) 88.
• The U.S. Senate passed a constitutional amendment… “Senate Adopts Equal Suffrage Measure, 56-25,” Salt Lake Herald Republican, June 5, 1919, p. 1.
• Utah women held a memorial service… “Special Legislature for Suffrage Asked,” Salt Lake Tribune, July 7, 1919.
• Abby Scott Baker… “Governors Show Interest in Special Session, Are Promised Women,” Salt Lake Tribune, August 20, 1919, p. 8.
• On September 23, President Woodrow Wilson…”President Calls on Emmeline Wells at Utah Hotel,” Ogden Daily Standard, September 24, 1919, p. 6.
• On September 29, State Senator Elizabeth Hayward… “Suffrage Ratified by Senate of Utah,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, September 29, 1919, p. 16;  “Suffrage Ratified by House, Now Goes to Chief Executive,” Salt Lake Tribune, October 1, 1919, p. 18.
• Utah officially ratified… “Suffrage Measure Signed by Governor,” Salt Lake Tribune, October 4, 1919, p. 22.
• Carrie Chapman Catt visited Salt Lake City… “Distinguished Suffragists will Visit Salt Lake City,” Salt Lake Tribune, November 16, 1919, p. 62.

Pages 122-123

• “A mother’s advice is always safest for her boy to follow…” – Harry T. Burn, in “Bribery Attempt Charged in Tennessee Suffrage; Court Attacks Lobbying,” The Evening Star, Aug. 20, 1920, 1.
• “Hurrah, and vote for suffrage” – Febb Burn to H. T. Burn, Aug. 1920, Harry T. Burn Papers, C.M. McClung Historical Collection, Knox County Public Library. 
• Utah women planned a jubilee celebration… “Fiftieth Suffrage Anniversary in Utah,” Ogden Daily Standard, February 9, 1920, p. 2; “Suffrage Anniversary,” Salt Lake Telegram, February 12, 1920, p. 2.
• NAWSA held a “victory convention”… Donette Smith Kesler, “Three Important Conventions,” Young Woman’s Journal 31, no. 5 (May 1920): 271-276.
• The Tennessee state legislature narrowly voted…Harry T. Burn Papers, Calvin M. McCLung Historical Collection, Knox County Public Library.
• The Nineteenth Amendment officially became part… “Colby Proclaims Woman Suffrage,” New York Times, August 27, 1920, p. 1.
• Utah women celebrated with a parade… “Utah Women Observe Suffrage Victory,” Ogden Standard-Examiner, September 1, 1920, p. 3.
• Millions of women across the country voted… “One in Three Women Vote,” New York Times, December 19, 1920.

Epilogue:

• “Let us not waste our talents…” – Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon to Barbara Replogle, May 1, 1885, Martha H. Cannon Collection, CHL.
• “Remember the women of Zion…” – Emmeline B. Wells, “The Fortieth Volume,” Woman’s Exponent 40, no.1 (July 1, 1911): 4.